Board of Occupational Therapy Practice History
I.
History of Occupational Therapy
A. Age of Enlightenment: late 1700's and early
1800's
B. Moral Treatment Movement
- Phillippe Pinel, a French physician, introduced "work
treatment" for the "insane" in the late 1700's. He
used occupation to divert the patients' minds away from their emotional
distrubances and toward improving their skills.
- William Tuke, an English Quaker and wealthy merchant, became aware of
the terrible conditions in an asylum in York, England. He suggested
establishing the York Retreat. The environment at the York retreat
was like that of a family where the patients were approached with kindness
and consideration. These methods were preferable to using restraint
and drugs.
- In the United States, a Quaker named Benjamin Rush was the first
physician to institute Moral Treatment practices. (Coincidentally,
the Maryland Board of Occupational Therapy is located in the Bland Bryant
Building, 4th Floor, on the campus of Spring Grove Hospital Center.)
- Susan Tracy and other professionals formed the backbone of modern
occupational therapy and eventally leading to the present day American
Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA).
II. Inception and Mission of the Board
A. Inception:
The Board of Occupational Therapy Practice was established in Maryland in 1979.
B. Program Description:
The State Board of Occupational Therapy Practice (the "Board")
operates under the provisions of Title 10 of the Health Occupations Article
of the Annotated Code of Maryland. The Board is the licensing authority of
Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapist Assistants in the State
of Maryland. The Board is mandated to regulate the practice of Occupational
Therapy in Maryland by licensing qualified occupational therapists and
occupational therapist assistants, establishing fees, maintaining a current
roster of all licensees, promulgating regulations for the practice of
Occupational Therapy, verification of credentials, issuance of licenses,
establish requirements for and verification of completion of continuing
education, investigation of complaints based on alleged violations of
regulations and statutes, formal and informal disciplining of licensees,
create committees as deemed appropriate to advise the Board. The program is
100% special funded. The fund is supported exclusively by revenues generated
by licensing fees. The Board consists of 7 members appointed by the Governor
with the advice of the Secretary and advice of the Senate. Four members of
the Board are licensed occupational therapists, one member is a licensed
occupational therapist assistant, and two members represent the public.
C.
Mission:
The Mission of the Board of Occupational Therapy is to protect the
citizens of Maryland and to promote quality health care in the field of
Occupational Therapy by:
- Licensing occupational therapists and occupational therapist
assistants;
- Setting standards for the practice of Occupational Therapy through
regulations and legislation; and
- Receiving and resolving complaints from the public regarding
occupational therapists and occupational therapist assistants who may
have violated the Occupational Therapy law (Annotated Code of Maryland,
Health Occupations Article, Title 10) and its regulations found at COMAR
10.46.
III. Get to Know Your Board Members
- Joyce Ford, COTA/L, Board Chairperson
I am a licensed and certified Occupational Therapy Assistant. I
graduated from CCBC, Catonsville Campus, from the OTA Program with an AA
degree. I have been practicing OT for 15 years in the field of
Physical Disabilities and Mental Health in Maryland. My specialties
include Physical Disabilities, Chronic Pain Management, Pulmonary
Rehabilitation, Health and Wellness. I have published several articles
in "OT Practice" magazine on "Pulmonary Rehabilitation for
Relaxation and Breathing Retraining" and "Using Aromatherapy in
Traditional OT". I am President of Body Repairs, LLC (Private
Practice - Outpatient and Homecare). I hold PRN positions in several
nursing homes in Baltimore and work part-time at Good Samaritan Hospital as
a staff COTA. I am a Level I and Level II clinical supervisor for OTA
students. I am a (CDI) Certified Driving Instructor for adults and
teens.
- Christine Moghimi, MAS, OTR/L, Board Vice Chairperson
I have been an Occupational Therapist for 26 years. I have worked
in a variety of settings: mental health, pediatrics, subacute, acute
care, acute rehab, home care, outpatient, and long-term care. I have a
masters of administrative science degree from Johns Hopkins University, and
am currently pursuing a doctoral degree in Occupational Science at Towson
University. I am currently the director of rehabilitation services at
Manor Care, and a part-time faculty member at Towson University.
- Kuzhilethu K. Kshepakaran, M.Ed., OTR/L
Occupational Therapy has been my life's occupation for the last 48
years. I got into this profession by accident. However, over the
years, I have grown to like it more and more. My professional life
began in India, where my roots are, and have continued in the United States
since 1969. Currently, I am semi-retired, occasionally working with
patients or teaching an OT course now and then at Towson University. I
started my clinical practice in the United States as a staff therapist and
advanced to managerial levels. In my teaching career, which spans 22
years, I started as an instructor and ended as a chairperson of an OT
professional program. Highlights of my involvement in the profession
include serving as Accreditation Evaluator for AOTA, a representative of
AOTA's Representative Assembly, and as an item writer for the National Board
for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT).
- Kamala Stevenson, MS, OTR/L
I have a Bachelors of Science degree in Human Development/Child
Psychology from Howard University. I hold a Masters of Science in
Occupational Therapy from Towson University. I am a Gulf War veteran
and have been on the Board for over 1 year.
- Meenakshi D. Gupta, Consumer Board Member
I have been a consumer member on the Maryland Occupational Therapy Board
for a year. I was born and raised in India. I have a Bachelor of
Science degree in Zoology, Botany and Chemistry from Delhi University,
India. I moved to the United States in 1979 and have been a legal
assistant for 30 years. My proudest achievements in life include my
two children. My daughter is a practicing lawyer, and my son is
studying to become a doctor.
- Jocelind M. Julien, Consumer Member
As the director and chief mediator for the Mediation Center for Anne
Arundel County State's Attorney's Office in Glen Burnie, I oversee all
phases of office operations and dispute resolution services for the State's
Attorney's Office, as well as mediate a high volume of criminal cases
deferred from prosecution. I have served as a mediator and facilitator
for over 8 years and have designed and delivered trainings in such areas as
conflict resolution, respect, sexual harassment, and risk management
briefings for interview panelists. In addition, I instituted statewide
affirmative action and equal employment opportunity programs in accordance
with federal and state regulations. My compassion toward human
conflict and my ability to facilitate communication between parties and help
people in conflict to explore their options in a cooperative environment
have created success in resolving a large percentage of disputes. My
strength is my combined ability to work as a neutral facilitator in
resolving current conflicts and as a trainer to help manage and prevent
future conflicts. I am an active member of the Association for
Conflict Resolution (ACR) Maryland Chapter and the Mediators of Color
Alliance Network.
- Donna Ashman, Executive Director
As Executive Director for the Maryland Board of
Occupational Therapy Practice, I am responsible for coordinating monthly
Board meetings, developing legislative proposals and State regulations,
adjudicating complaints, as well as oversight of the Board office
operations. My
educational background includes a Bachelor of Arts degree from Towson
University and a Master of Administrative Science Degree from The Johns
Hopkins University.
IV. Past/Present Board Members
- Past/Present Board members
1/11/1979 Thomas J. Filip, III, President
Carole Hays, OTR
Bonnie Moy, OTR, Secretary
Charlotte Seltser, COTA
Lillian Byrd, OTR
2/5/1979 Lillian Byrd resigned.
7/2/1979 Penny Kyler added.
10/21/1981 Ms. Seltser resigned from the Board.
5/21/1982 Nancy Rehmeyer added to the Board.
4/15/1983 Linda Walker added as Administrator.
7/20/1984 Elizabeth Hoffman replaces Carole Hays.
10/19/1984 Thomas J. Filip, III, President
Elizabeth Hoffman
Penny Kyler-Hutchison
Bonnie Moy
Nancy Rehmeyer
Linda Dorsey-Walker, Administrator
9/1985 Thomas J. Filip, III, President
Diane Gray
Elizabeth Hoffman, Secretary
Deborah Lieberman
Nancy Rehmeyer
Linda Dorsey-Walker, Administrator
7/18/1986 Elizabeth Hoffman, President
Diane Gray
Deborah Leiberman
Nancy Rehmeyer, Secretary
Linda Dorsey-Walker, Administrator
9/16/1986 Elizabeth Hoffman, President
Nancy Gerace
Diane Gray
Deborah Lieberman
Harry Smith, Sr., Consumer Member
Linda Dorsey Walker, Administrator
10/14/1988 Elizabeth Hoffman
Diane Hunter
Deborah Lieberman
Harry Smith
Linda Dorsey Walker, Administrator
1/20/1989 Cheryl Hastings, Acting Administrator
10/20/1989 Elizabeth Hoffman
Diane Hunter
Deborah Lieberman
Harry Smith, Sr.
Alice Arthur
Suzanne Browne, Administrator
1/1990 Elected Diane Hunter as President
and Deborah Lieberman as Secretary
8/17/1990 Jo Hubbs replaces Elizabeth Hoffman.
10/18/1991 Jo A. Hubbs, President
Frances Silverstein
Harry Smith
Alice Arthur, Sr., Consumer Member
Carole Bainer
Suzanne Browne, Administrator
7/17/1992 Jo A. Hubbs, President
Carol Bainer
Gladys Patterson, Consumer Member
Frances Silvestein, Secretary
Suzanne Browne, Administrator
9/1992 Betty Cox appointed as COTA member.
1/22/1993 Donna Ashman welcomed as Administrator
6/18/1993 Elected Carol Bainer as Board President
and Legislative
Liaison
and Betty Cox for Board Secretary.
10/15/1993 Carol Bainer, President
Betty Cox, Secretary
Gladys Patterson, Consumer Member
Alfred Tyler, Consumer Member
Frances Silverstein
Elena Skittle
Donna Ashman, Administrator
5/20/1994 Carol Bainer, President
Kristen Brown
Betty Cox, Secretary
Gladys Patterson, Consumer Member
Frances Silverstein
Elena Skittle
Alfred Tyler, Consumer Member
Donna Ashman, Administrator
6/16/1995 Elena Skittle-Watson, Board Co-Chairperson
Betty Cox, Board Co-Chairperson
Carol Bainer
Kristen Brown, Board Secretary
Frances Silverstein
Alfred Tyler, Consumer Member
Donna Ashman, Administrator
8/18/1995 Judith Blum replaces Carol Bainer on the Board
11/17/1995 Barbara McLaughlin added as a Consumer Member
7/18/1997 Kristen Brown elected as Board Co-Chairperson
and Judith Blum as
Board Secretary.
Deborah Craig replaces Betty Cox.
8/21/1998 Kristen Brown and Judith Blum were elected as Board
Co-Chairpersons and Frances Silverstein as Board Secretary.
2/18/2000 Joyce Carla Farrington replaces Frances Silverstein on the Board.
5/19/2000 Joyce Carla Farrington and Judith Blum elected as
Board Co-Chairpersons.
Board secretary position considered as obsolete.
Thaddeus Meade
Felton added as Consumer Member.
10/20/2000 Judith Blum, Co-Chairperson
Joyce Carla Farrington, Co-Chairperson
Elena Skittle-Watson
Claudia McInerney
Debbie Craig
Thaddeus Meade Felton
Alfred Tyler
Donna Ashman, Administrator
9/03/2002 Cindy McKoin joined the Board, replacing Elena Skittle-Watson.
7/01/2003 Joyce Carla Farrington elected as Chairperson.
Claudia
McInerney elected as Vice Chairperson.
7/01/2003 Linda Leimbach joined the Board, replacing Judith Blum.
Nathaniel
Johnson, Consumer Member, replaced Alfred Tyler.
5/19/2005 Claudia McInerney elected as Chairperson.
Cindy McKoin elected
as Vice Chairperson.
9/05/2005 Joyce Ford joined the Board, replacing Debbie Craig.
2006 Pastor Nathaniel Johnson resigned as
the Consumer Member.
12/2006 Christine Moghimi joined the
Board, replacing Cindy McKoin.
10/2007 Kamela Stevenson joined the
Board, replacing Joyce Carla
Farrington.
Kuzhilethu K. Kshepakaran joined the Board, replacing Linda
Leimbach.
2007 Claudia McInerney, Board Chairperson
Joyce Ford, Vice Chairperson
Joyce Carla Farrington
Linda Leimbach
Christine Moghimi
Thaddeus Meade Felton, Consumer Member
Meenakshi Gupta, Consumer Member
2008
Jocelind Julien, Consumer Member, replacing Thaddeus Meade Felton.
Iyna Adams joined the Board, replacing Claudia McInerney.
Joyce Ford became Board Chairperson, and Christine Moghimi became
Board Vice
Chairperson.
V. Administrative History of Statute and Regulations.
1. Chapter 01 General Regulations
Effective date: January 31, 1983 (10:2 Md. R. 109)
- Regulation .01 amended effective July 3, 1995 (22:13 Md. R. 968)
- Regulation .02 amended effective July 3, 1995 (22:13 Md. R. 968)
- Regulation .03 repealed effective July 20, 1992 (19:14 Md. R. 1284)
- Regulation .03 adopted effective July 3, 1995 (22:13 Md. R. 968)
- Regulation .04 adopted effective July 3, 1995 (22:13 Md. R. 968)
-
Regulations .01 — .04 repealed and new Regulation .01 — .06 adopted as
an emergency provision effective October 1, 2000 (27:21 Md. R. 1973);
emergency status extended at 28:7 Md. R. 687 and 28:9 Md. R. 884; adopted
permanently effective April 30, 2001 (28:8 Md. R. 761)
- Regulation .01B amended effective December 10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R. 2129)
- Regulation .03 amended effective December 10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R.
2129)
- Regulation .07 adopted effective December 10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R.
2129)
- Chapter revised effective April 21, 2008 (35:8 Md. R. 805)
2. Chapter 02 Code of Ethics
Effective date: January 31, 1983 (10:2 Md. R. 109)
- Chapter repealed and new Regulations .01 — .03 adopted effective August
7, 2000 (27:15 Md. R. 1401)
- Regulation .01A amended effective April 21, 2008 (35:8 Md. R. 805)
3. Chapter 03 Procedure for Board Hearings
Effective date: January 31, 1983 (10:2 Md. R. 109)
- Regulation .04 amended effective October 1, 2000 (27:17 Md. R. 1620
- Regulation .05 amended effective October 1, 2000 (27:17 Md. R. 1620);
April 21, 2008 (35:8 Md. R. 805)
- Regulation .05C amended effective January 30, 1995 (22:2 Md. R. 77);
April 21, 2008 (35:8 Md. R. 805)
- Regulation .0-5 amended effective October 1, 2000 (27:17 Md. R. 1620)
4. Chapter 04 Continuing Competency Requirement
Effective date: July 29, 1985 (12:15 Md. R. 1520)
- Regulation .02A amended effective March 27, 1995 (22:6 Md. R. 474)
- Regulation .03 amended effective March 27, 1995 (22:6 Md. R. 474)
- Regulations .04 — .07 repealed and new Regulations .04 — .07
adopted effective March 27, 1995 (22:6 Md. R. 474)
- Regulations .01 — .07 repealed and new Regulations .01 — .08
adopted effective October 2, 2000 (27:19 Md. R. 1726)
- Chapter revised effective April 21, 2008 (35:8 Md. R. 805)
5. Chapter 05 Collection of Fees
Effective date: July 20, 1992 (19:14 Md. R. 1284)
- Regulation .01 amended as an emergency provision effective October
1, 1993 (20:20 Md. R. 1566); amended permanently effective April 2,
1994 (20:22 Md. R. 1708)
- Regulation .01 amended effective November 3, 1997 (24:22 Md. R.
1552); August 21, 2000 (27:16 Md. R. 1526)
- Regulation .01 amended and Regulation .02 adopted as an emergency provision effective August
31, 2001 (28:19 Md. R. 1681); adopted permanently effective December
10, 2001 (28:24 Md. R. 2129)
- Regulation .01 amended effective March 15, 2004 (31:5 Md. R. 449)
- Regulation .01 repealed and new Regulation .01 adopted effective April 21,
2008 (35:8 Md. R. 805)
- Regulation .02 amended effective April 21, 2008 (35:8 Md. R. 805)
6. Chapter 06 Competency Requirements for Physical Agent Modalities
Effective date:
- Regulations .01 — .06 adopted as an emergency provision effective June
1, 2001 (28:12 Md. R. 1102); adopted permanently effective September 17,
2001 (28:18 Md. R. 1621)
- Chapter revised effective April 21, 2008 (35:8 Md. R. 805)
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